Even when one does not perform sandhyavandanam, one will get the benefits of performing prapatti. These are not related. It is a general rule that one must perform sandhyavandanam whether one has or has not undergone samashrayanam and bharanyasam.
Not performing sandhyavandanam will beget sin and will lose the qualification to perform other karmAs.
Notes:
For example, what if one who has performed sharanagati decides to lie? If they ask “Does lying beget sin?” It is a fundamental rule that one must not lie; no doubt lying will certainly beget sin.
Similarly, performance of sandhyavandanam is mandatory; this will not impact sharanagati in any way. Both are independent of each other.